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Comment Submitted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Is the EPA taking on NASA? Or is this just what US government agencies do to each other to get compliance?
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2nd International Mars Sample Return (2018)
The Moon: A 100% isolation barrier for Earth during exobiological examination of solar system
sample return missions. Barry E. DiGregorio, Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of
Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1EG, United Kingdom
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Mars Sample Return Campaign Concept Architecture
A White Paper for the Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032
Primary Author: Brian K. Muirhead, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109
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Chemical Innovation: The Dilemma of Mars Sample Return -
The dilemma of Mars sample return, by Barry E. DiGregorio. Chemical Innovation 2001, 31 (8), 24-33.
Copyright © 2001 American Chemical Society. This article expresses the views of the author and
not necessarily those of Chemical Innovation magazine or the American Chemical Society.
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Phobos Sample Return Project
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Planetary Society Project LIFE Experiment for the Phobos-Grunt Mission -
General FAQ - Experiment Size and Design
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Preliminary Planning for an International Mars Sample Return Mission -
June 1, 2008 - Report of the International Mars Architecture for the Return of Samples (iMARS) Working Group
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Findings of the Mars Special Regions Science Analysis Group
by the MEPAG Special Regions Science Analysis Group.
It should be noted that even in a region determined to be "non-special," it is possible a spacecraft
may create an environment that meets the definition of "special" or "uncertain." It is possible for
spacecraft to induce conditions that could exceed for some time the threshold conditions for biological
propagation, even when the ambient conditions were 'not special' before the spacecraft arrived.
Whether a special region is induced or not depends on the configuration of the spacecraft, where it
is sent, and what it does. This possibility is best evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
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On possible release of microbe-containing particulates
from a Mars lander spacecraft by Kenneth Harstad, Josette Bellan. 4800 Oak
Grove Drive, M/S 125-109, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,
Pasadena, California 91109-8099
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A Planetary Quarantine Laboratory On The Moon
by Barry E. DiGregorio, Cardiff Centre for Astrobiology, Cardiff, UK.
Barry E. DiGregorio's 2004 SPIE Conference paper regarding a planetary quarantine laboratory on
the Moon: from Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology VIII.
In January of 2004 NASA was directed by the President of the
United States to setting a goal to establish a permanent
human tended scientific outpost on the Moon by 2015-2020.
One of the highest priority goals for the NASA Mars
exploration program has been how to proceed with the return
of Martian soil and rock samples directly to Earth for
extensive laboratory analysis. However scientific debates
exist on how to obtain pristine samples from Mars without
introducing terrestrial contaminants and also for preventing
the back contamination of the Earth’s biosphere by putative
Martian microbes. In consideration of all the associated
problems with returning Martian soil samples directly to the
Earth or by examination in Earth orbit, a dedicated human
tended planetary quarantine laboratory on the Moon as part
of a larger scientific outpost could provide the best
solution to the back contamination problem and might inspire
the public to rally around such a worthy scientific cause.
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A Draft Test Protocol for Detecting Possible Biohazards in Martian Samples Returned to Earth
(NASA/CP 2002-211842).
NASA has prepared a draft protocol for the testing and evaluation of samples
that may be returned from Mars by future missions in its Mars exploration
program. This protocol is designed to provide a model method whereby such
samples can be tested for possible biohazards that could be present if life
exists on Mars. The protocol has been prepared as a draft to guide the
development of both a final protocol to accomplish biohazard and
life-detection testing, and to aid in the eventual design of the facility or
facilities that will be required to accomplish that testing. Public comment
on this draft protocol is sought to provide for refinement of the draft and
to provide information for future NASA planning efforts.
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AGU 2002 Spring Meeting - Mars Sample Return
NASA has announced its most recent plans to continue with a Mars Sample Return
mission with one being considered on or before 2010. Here are a list of scientific
abstracts from the American Geophysical Unions 2002 Spring Meeting.
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Dangers on Mars Require Extensive Evaluation Before Human Exploration Could Proceed
National Academy of Sciences, 2001 Wisconsin Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20007.
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Mars Sample Return Lander
NASA's Long and Short term plans for future missions to mars detailing the
objectives and methods for gathering information and returning samples back
to earth.
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Mars Sample Return Spacecraft Systems Architecture
by H. Price, K. Cramer, S. Doudrick, W. Lee, J. Matijevic, S. Weinstein of the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; by T. Lam-Trong, O. Marsal
of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales; by R. Mitcheltree of the NASA Langley Research Center
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IAF-00-Q.2.04: Sample Returns Missions in the Coming Decade
by Prasun N. Desai, Robert A. Mitcheltree, and F. McNeil Cheatwood; NASA Langley Research Center,
Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA
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The Martians Are Coming! an article from
Disaster! Magazine. NASA's Planetary Protection Officer Dr. John Rummel discusses the
Mars Sample Return mission and NASA's planned method of using Earth as a catchers mitt
(Passive Earth Entry Capsule) for receiving samples from Mars
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Planetary Protection (PP) And Human Missions To Mars
by D. L. DeVincenzi (1), R. Wharton (1,2)
(1) NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA, (2) Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV
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The Quarantine and Certification of Martian Samples -
National Research Council, Space Studies Board, Public Briefing, May 29, 2001. Opening Statement
by John A. Wood, Staff Scientist, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and
Chair, Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration.
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Phased Approach To Mars Sample Return -
ICAMSR Exectutive Director Barry E. DiGregorio, Dr. Gilbert, V. Levin and Dr. Max Wallis
submitted an abstract and oral presentation to the British Royal Society meeting on
March 23, 2001. The meeting was hosted by the British built Beagle 2 Mars Probe principal
scientist, Dr. Colin Pilllinger and sought ways in which the British could involve themselves
in returning Martian soil samples. The abstract adopts the ICAMSR four phase approach to
Mars Sample Return.
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Preliminary Thermal Analysis Of A Mars Sample Return Earth Entry Vehicle
(AIAA-2000-2584) - Ruth M. Amundsen, John A. Dec, Robert A. Mitcheltree, Michael C. Lindell, Robert A. Dillman,
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23681-2199.
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Earth Entry Vehicles for the Mars Sample Return Project
- Summary Presentation - by Robert A. Mitcheltree, NASA Langley Research Center, USRA Project
Re-Entry Workshop, October 27, 1999.
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Category V Compliant Container for Mars Sample Return Missions
by Benjamin Dolgin, Joseph Sanok, and Donald Sevilla from Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and by
Laurence J. Bement from NASA Langley Research Center.
An engineering report detailing plans for the Mars Sample container. Would this system work if
Ebola or Anthrax were the cargo?
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A Passive Earth-Entry Capsule for Mars Sample Return by
Robert A. Mitcheltree from NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. and Sotiris Kellas from
Lockheed Martin Engineering and Sciences Co., Hampton, Va.
A engineering review of a high risk but economical method for returning samples from Mars.
ICAMSR completely opposes this method which uses the Earth as a catchers mit.
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